أحكام التبنّي في سورة الأحزاب (الآيتان 4-5): دراسة مقارنة بين تفسير وهبة الزحيلي وفخر الدين الرازي

Abstract

Tafsir scholars hold differing opinions regarding the prohibition of addressing adopted children as biological children, which subsequently impacts the fundamental concept of child adoption. Consequently, the author is interested in conducting research titled: 'The Legal Ruling of Child Adoption in the Qur'an from the Perspective of Surah Al-Ahzab Verses 4-5 (A Comparative Study of the Views of Wahbah al-Zuhaili and Fakhruddin al-Razi).The research problems are formulated as follows: What is the ruling on child adoption according to the interpretations of Wahbah al-Zuhaili and Imam Fakhruddin al-Razi in Surah Al-Ahzab verses 4-5, and what are their interpretive methods and differences in views regarding the tafsir of these verses. This study is a qualitative research based on the works of mufassirin (commentators), thus categorized as library research. Based on the existing commentaries, it can be concluded that Wahbah al-Zuhaili's view tends toward prohibiting adoption if it resembles pre-Islamic (Jahiliyyah) customs. However, if such elements are absent, the ruling becomes makruh (discouraged). Meanwhile, Imam Fakhruddin al-Razi does not explicitly discuss the ruling on adoption, but through his explanation regarding the prohibition of calling an adopted child a biological son, it can be understood that what is forbidden is the intention to obscure the lineage (nasab). Therefore, the concept of adopting children and calling them 'my son' is permissible as long as there is no intent to hide their true lineage. The differences between Wahbah al-Zuhaili and Imam Fakhruddin al-Razi's interpretations of Surah Al-Ahzab verses 4-5 are evident from three aspects: the resulting legal conclusions, the methods of legal deduction (istinbāṭ), and their respective interpretive approaches.